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API 510 MAWP Calculation: Formulas, Static Head and Solved Examples

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, or MAWP, is one of the most important calculation topics in API 510 examination preparation. It tells us the maximum pressure that a pressure vessel can safely withstand at a specified temperature and in its normal operating position. MAWP questions can appear difficult because several values affect the answer. You may […]

19 min read · Aug 10, 2026 Read Article →

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API 510 Remaining Life Calculation: Formula, Corrosion Rate and Solved Examples

Remaining life is one of the most important calculations in API 510 examination preparation. It helps an inspector estimate how long a pressure vessel component can continue in service before corrosion reduces its thickness to the minimum required value. The calculation looks simple. However, candidates often make mistakes when selecting the corrosion rate, required thickness, […]

14 min read · Jul 14, 2026 Read Article →

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Inservice Inspector Commission (IS) Certification: Complete Guide for 2026

If your role involves inspecting equipment that is already in operation, you know that the challenges are very different from new fabrication. Wear, corrosion, repairs, and safety risks become critical factors. This is where the Inservice Inspector Commission (IS) Certification becomes essential. Issued by the The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, this certification qualifies […]

5 min read · Jul 2, 2026 Read Article →

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Inspector Supervisor Course (B)(O): Complete Guide to Certification, Eligibility, Exam & Career Opportunities

If you are an experienced inspection professional aiming to step into leadership, auditing, and supervisory roles, the Inspector Supervisor Course (B)(O) is one of the most valuable certifications you can pursue. This guide covers everything you need to know—eligibility, certification body, syllabus, exam details, job opportunities, and preparation tips—along with how to successfully pass the […]

5 min read · Apr 30, 2026 Read Article →

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Inservice Inspector Commission (IS) Certification: Complete Guide for 2026

If your role involves inspecting equipment that is already in operation, you know that the challenges are very different from new fabrication. Wear, corrosion, repairs, and safety risks become critical factors. This is where the Inservice Inspector Commission (IS) Certification becomes essential. Issued by the The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, this […]

5 min read · Mar 27, 2026 Read Article →

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ASME Authorized Inspector (AI) Certification: Complete Guide for 2026

If you work with pressure vessels, boilers, or industrial equipment, there comes a stage where experience alone is not enough. You need authority, credibility, and global recognition. That is exactly what the ASME Authorized Inspector (AI) Certification provides. Issued by the The National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors in alignment with the American […]

5 min read · Mar 27, 2026 Read Article →

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API SIEE Certification: Complete Guide

API SIEE Certification: Complete Guide (2026 Edition) API SIEE Certification: Complete Guide (2026 Edition) Introduction: Who is API SIEE for — and Why It Is Important API SIEE (Safety Inspector – Electrical Equipment) is a specialized certification offered by the American Petroleum Institute (API) under its Individual Certification Programs (ICP). This certification is designed for […]

2 min read · Feb 1, 2026 Read Article →

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API BEJI Certification: Complete Guide (2026 Edition)

Introduction: Who is API BEJI for, and Why It Is Important API BEJI (Bottom End Joint Inspector) is a specialized certification offered by the American Petroleum Institute (API) under its Individual Certification Programs (ICP). This certification is intended for professionals involved in the inspection of bottom end joints (BEJ) of oil storage tanks , a […]

4 min read · Feb 1, 2026 Read Article →

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API TES Certification: Complete Guide

Introduction: Who is API TES for and Why It Matters API TES (Tank Entry Supervisor) is a globally recognized certification offered by the American Petroleum Institute (API). It is designed specifically for professionals who supervise the entry of workers into aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). These environments involve hazardous conditions such as toxic gases, oxygen deficiency, […]

4 min read · Nov 30, 2025 Read Article →

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Comprehensive Guide to API 1184 Certification

The American Petroleum Institute (API) is a globally recognized authority in the oil and gas industry. API certifications, such as the API 1184 certification, are designed to uphold high standards in operations, safety, and compliance. API 1184 focuses on pipeline management, specifically addressing the integrity of pipeline operations to ensure the safety, reliability, and performance […]

5 min read · Sep 22, 2024 Read Article →

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Understanding AQ2 Certification from American Petroleum Instutute (API): A Comprehensive Guide

In the ever-evolving oil and gas industry, maintaining high standards of safety, quality, and efficiency is paramount. The American Petroleum Institute (API) plays a crucial role in setting these standards, providing a wide range of certifications that ensure professionals and companies comply with industry best practices. Among these certifications, the AQ2 Certification stands out as […]

5 min read · Sep 16, 2024 Read Article →

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Introduction to AQ1 Certification from American Petroleum Institute

The AQ1 Certification, issued by the American Petroleum Institute (API), is a specialized certification that focuses on the qualification and certification of personnel involved in Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) roles in the oil and gas industry. API certifications are globally recognized, and the AQ1 certification is particularly crucial for professionals ensuring the […]

4 min read · Sep 1, 2024 Read Article →

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Use of Non Destructive Testing Methods in Renewable Energy Sector

What is Non Conventional Energy ? Non-conventional energy refers to energy sources that do not originate from traditional or non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear power. These energy sources are considered renewable and alternative, and include solar, hydroelectric, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy sources. RephraseIn recent years, non-conventional sources of energy have gained […]

5 min read · Mar 6, 2023 Read Article →

ISO 9712?

What is ISO 9712?

EN ISO 9712 is a mandatory EU personal certification system for NDT operators. To get certified in some EU compulsory certifications like CE markings on equipment, PED/TPED/CPD or EN15085 rail welding system certification, the NDT operators in factories must be ISO 9712 certified.  ISO 9712 standard evaluates and documents the competence of operators and staff […]

2 min read · Oct 7, 2021 Read Article →

Coating Inspector Program

NACE CIP Level 1 and Level 2 – Coating Inspector Program

The acronym NACE stands for National Association of Corrosion Engineers. NACE is the premier organization regulating corrosion control solutions globally with more than 35,000 members and spanning across 130 countries. NACE Coating Inspector Program (NACE CIP) educates you on coating materials and how to prepare the surface of the materials and apply coating.  A NACE […]

3 min read · Oct 1, 2021 Read Article →

Magnetic Flux Leakage

Magnetic Flux Leakage – NDT Level 3

What is Magnetic Flux Leakage? Magnetic Flux Leakage is a type of non-destructive inspection which uses electromagnetism for the inspection of flaws, corrosion, pitting, wall loss or material degradation in steel structures. In the field of oil and gas this method can be used to detect the flaws in aboveground storage tanks also. This involves […]

3 min read · Aug 19, 2021 Read Article →

Electromagnetic Testing

Electromagnetic Testing – NDT Level 3 Certification

What is Electromagnetic Testing Inspection? Electromagnetic testing inspection is one among the nondestructive testing (NDT) which make use of electromagnetic induction techniques  to identify and characterize surface and subsurface defects in conductive materials. This inspection mainly contains three types of testing such as Eddy Current testing , Remote Field testing and Alternating Current Field Measurement. […]

3 min read · Jun 23, 2021 Read Article →

Thermal-infrared testing in NDT

Thermal-infrared testing in NDT

All objects that have a temperature above the absolute zero (-273 C) will radiate some amount of energy in the form of infrared rays. These infrared radiations emitting from objects are not visible to the human eye and it is in the form of heat. Thermography is the technology used to derive visual images based […]

3 min read · Jun 14, 2021 Read Article →

Microwave Technology

Microwave Technology – Non Destructive Testing Method

Non destructive testing methods are used to determine the integrity of a structure or material without physically disturbing it. Non destructive testing methods don’t require the industrial process to stop for conducting testing. This makes NDT the most desired testing method for structures and equipment in a live operating environment. NDT can be conducted using […]

2 min read · May 14, 2021 Read Article →

Acoustic Emission Testing

What is Acoustic Emission Testing ?

Acoustic emission testing is an NDT technique which is undergone when a material deforms under stress. AET detects and monitors the release of ultrasonic stress waves from the restricted sources. When a piece of sample is subjected to an external stimulus, like change in pressure, temperature or load, this triggers the generation or release of […]

4 min read · May 5, 2021 Read Article →

API Certification

API 2201- Procedure for Hot Tapping

API 2201 provides detailed guidelines for safely conducting the hot tapping operations on machineries in petrochemical industries. To expand or modify piping systems in the petrochemical industry, new connections to existing pipelines have to be made. Earlier, to make such connections in piping systems, the whole system would be shut down and gas will be […]

3 min read · Mar 16, 2021 Read Article →

API Certification

API 1104 – Standard for Welding Pipelines & Related Facilities

API 1104, Standard for Welding Pipelines & Related Facilities, provides guidelines for the gas and arc welding of butt, and fillets in carbon or  low-alloy steel piping used in the compression, pumping & transmission of petrochemical and gas. It is applicable to new constructions and in service welding.  API 1104 standard presents methods for the […]

2 min read · Mar 1, 2021 Read Article →

Laser Testing Methods in NDT

Laser Testing Methods in NDT – Holography, shearography & profilometer

Lasers can be used to generate and measure ultrasonic waves in materials. Laser based NDT methods came to acceptance with an increase in the use of composite materials and sandwich structures in industries. These types of structures required high speed and large area inspection for subsurface defects like disbonds, delaminations, sheared core, invisible damage in […]

3 min read · Feb 24, 2021 Read Article →

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Testing

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Testing

What is Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Testing Method in NDT ? Time of flight diffraction is a reliable non destructive testing method mainly used to find flaws in the welds. Like all other ultrasonic testing methods, TOFD uses ultrasonic pulse to locate the irregularities. What makes TOFD different from other ultrasonic testing methods is […]

3 min read · Feb 5, 2021 Read Article →

Neutron-Radiography-Testing

Neutron Radiographic Testing in NDT

What is Neutron Radiography Testing Neutron radiography technology is also called Neutron Imaging, Neutron Tomography or else N-Ray Radiography. This is a powerful NDT method because of the neutron’s properties. It allows  imaging of materials which are hydrogenous like oil, plastic, water, rubber, explosives etc, which should be within the components which are made up […]

7 min read · Jan 22, 2021 Read Article →

Ground Penetrating Radar Testing in NDT

Ground Penetrating Radar Testing in NDT

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique in NDT is used to diagnose and evaluate the quality of reinforced concrete. Due to the complicated properties of reinforced concrete, usual non destructive testing methods like ultrasonic testing and infrared ray testing cannot be used in the most testing site environment. Hence Ground penetrating radar is the most sought […]

2 min read · Jan 15, 2021 Read Article →

Vibration Analysis in NDT

Vibration Analysis in NDT

Regular monitoring and maintenance of industrial machines and equipment can save money and time lost due to catastrophic failures.  Machine failures do not happen overnight, there will be  clear indications in machines when their deterioration starts and affects the normal working conditions. If these indications are not monitored and properly attended it will eventually lead […]

2 min read · Jan 7, 2021 Read Article →

Guided Wave Testing

GUIDED WAVE TESTING

Guided wave testing is an advanced NDT technology used to remotely analyze assets for flaws and corrosion over a long distance. Direct contact with the assets is not necessary to conduct guided wave testing. Why Guided Wave Testing? Piping systems often have very unorthodox shapes and locations which makes it difficult to perform inspections.  The normal […]

2 min read · Dec 1, 2020 Read Article →

Damaged Mechanism Inspection

API 571 – Damaged Mechanism Inspection Certification Details

API 571 – Damage Mechanism  is a recognized certification for inspectors, developed and published by American Petroleum Institute (API). API 571 gives and in-depth understanding of over 60 different damage mechanisms that can occur to process equipment in refineries. Damage mechanism review is a process that identifies damage mechanism that exists in pressurized process equipment […]

3 min read · Nov 20, 2020 Read Article →

Refractary Inspection Certification

API 936 – Refractory inspection certification details

The API 936 Refractory inspection certification is an industry recognized certification for inspectors who are trained in refractory systems. Certified refractory inspectors have a good knowledge of inspection, installation, testing and repair of refractory linings. Why do you need an API certification? American Petroleum Institute (API) is the only national trade association to represent the […]

3 min read · Nov 14, 2020 Read Article →

Risk Based Inspection

API 580 Risk based Inspection – Course Details and Syllabus

What is Risk Based Inspection? Risk Based Inspection certification from American Petroleum Institute (API) for highly specialised inspectors, engineers, and other professionals in the petrochemical industry as a validation of their immense knowledge in risk based inspection methods. Professionals who hold a current API 510, API 570 or API 653 certification automatically qualify to appear for the API 580, risk based inspection […]

4 min read · Oct 15, 2020 Read Article →

Visual Testing

Visual Testing in NDT – Course Details And Syllabus

What is Visual Testing ? Visual testing is also called visual inspection which is one among the oldest and widely used ndt techniques. In this type of testing, the sample is visualised by a trained inspector identifying the flaws directly by using his naked eye or by using mirrors, magnifying glasses, computer-assisted viewing systems and […]

4 min read · Oct 14, 2020 Read Article →

Ultrasonic Testing

Ultrasonic Testing In NDT – Course Details And Syllabus

What is Ultrasonic Testing in NDT ? Ultrasonic testing also referred to as UT, is a type of non destructive testing. It is a volumetric ndt testing method which involves both surface inspection as well as inspection of flaws inside the sample. It identifies the internal structure of a material or sample by sending High-frequency […]

5 min read · Oct 3, 2020 Read Article →

Radiography Testing

Radiography Testing In NDT – Course Details And Syllabus

What is Radiography Testing in NDT? Radiography testing is also called Gamma ray or X-ray or RT which is a non-destructive testing method. In this testing, gamma-rays and X-rays are used to produce a radio-graph of the sample which in-turn examines the internal structure of the sample thereby identifying the flaws and defects if any. […]

4 min read · Sep 18, 2020 Read Article →

Magnetic Testing

Magnetic Testing In NDT – Course Details And Syllabus

What is Magnetic Testing? Magnetic testing is also known as magnetic particle inspection which is a type of  non-destructive testing. Magnetic testing involves the detection of surface and also the shallow subsurface flaws in most of the ferromagnetic materials. This testing allows to detect the effects which are invisible to the naked eye. Magnetic particle inspection is mainly […]

4 min read · Aug 16, 2020 Read Article →

Liquid Penetrant Testing

Liquid Penetrant Testing in NDT – Course Details and Syllabus

Liquid penetrant testing is also known as Dye penetrant testing or Liquid penetrant inspection(LPI). It’s a cost effective and widely used type of non destructive testing used to detect surface breaking flaws or discontinuities like cracks, laps, surface porosity, fractures etc. Also liquid penetrant testing is one among the most popular types of NDT. Usually LPI is […]

7 min read · Aug 2, 2020 Read Article →

Leak testing in NDT

NDT Level 2 & 3 Leak Testing Certification Exam Preparation Guide

Leak testing is a quality control step to ensure the integrity of  machinery and equipment, and is a type of non-destructive test (NDT). Leak testing involves simple testing procedures like bubble testing by using visual examination to complicated testing methods using radioactive gases. Major Leak Testing Methods (NDT) The four major leak testing methods are […]

4 min read · Jul 15, 2020 Read Article →

API Certification

API 1169 Course: Pipeline Inspector Certification Course, Exam Details

API 1169 certification is popularly called as pipeline inspector certification. The primary objective of API 1169 certification is to understand the requirements needed to inspect the onshore pipelines. API 1169 is the globally accepted and industry wide used standard for the inspection of newly constructed on-shore pipelines. An API 1169 certified pipeline construction inspector must […]

4 min read · Mar 14, 2020 Read Article →

API Certification

API SIRE: Source Inspector Rotating Equipment Certification Details

The API SIRE Source Inspector Rotating Equipment certification is for candidates who conducts quality surveillance of equipment, fabrications and materials in the supplier level in oil & gas, petrochemical industries. API SIRE certification comes under the Source Inspector suite and it mainly focuses on rotating equipment like gears, compressors, pumps and turbines. The responsibilities of […]

3 min read · Mar 7, 2020 Read Article →

API SIFE SOURCE INSPECTOR CERTIFICATION

API SIFE Source Inspector Certification: Training, course fee, examination and renewal details

The API SIFE Source Inspector Fixed Equipment certification is for candidates who have experience in the petroleum and petrochemical industry, as well as for those who want to gain industry experience. The API Source Inspector certification program was created for the surveillance of supplier quality. SIFE certification course comes under the API family and it […]

3 min read · Mar 7, 2020 Read Article →

Lead Auditor Certification

ISO 45001:2018 Lead Auditor Certification: Course Content, Fee & Exam Details

ISO 45001 Lead auditor certification course will teach you on how to audit and implement Occupational Health & Safety Management System as described in the ISO 45001:2018 global standard. ISO 45001:2018 certification enables candidates to qualify for the position of Internal Auditor. The primary objective of an ISO 45001 certified internal auditor is to prevent workplace injuries, […]

2 min read · Feb 23, 2020 Read Article →

Lead Auditor Certification

ISO 14001:2015 EMS Lead Auditor Courses in Kerala, India | Complete Course Details

ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization, It comprises of representatives from different national standards organizations and is a globally approved international standard setting body. ISO 14001 is the international standard that provides a detailed framework that organizations can implement to manage environmental aspects and meet their compliance obligations. ISO 14001: 2015 is a part […]

3 min read · Feb 2, 2020 Read Article →

Lead Auditor Certification

ISO 9001: 2015 Lead Auditor Certification Course Details – Gamma NDT Academy, Kerala

ISO 9001 is a lead auditor certification course, also known as Quality Management System (QMS) certification.  QMS is to ensure that organizations meets the requirements it needs to fulfill to deliver quality services to its stakeholders. The stakeholders can include customers, employees, regulatory bodies etc. QMS helps organizations to reduce loss by ensuring a standard […]

3 min read · Dec 12, 2019 Read Article →

API Certification

API 653 Certification | Training, course fee, examination and Renewal details

API 653 is an international standard regulation for aboveground storage tank systems. It was initiated by the American Petroleum Institute.  The popularity of welded storage tanks was widely spread during the 1960’s to the 1990’s. During this time, a lot of existing tanks were put down and reconstructed as welded tanks. But these reconstructed tanks […]

4 min read · Oct 5, 2019 Read Article →

API Certification

API 510 Certification | Training, Course Fee, Exam and Renewal Details

API 510 is an inspection code developed by American Petroleum Institute, the largest and globally accepted trade association for oil and natural gas industry. API 510 certification is done to evaluate your knowledge base related to inspection, maintenance, repair and alteration of pressure vessels. API 510 certification is also called pressure vessel inspector certification as […]

4 min read · Sep 8, 2019 Read Article →

API Certification

API 570 Certification | Training, course fee, examination and Renewal details

API 570 is an inspection code developed and published by the American Petroleum Institute, the largest and globally accepted trade association for the oil and natural gas industry. API 570 certification is also called piping inspector certification as it is used to analyze the quality and integrity of piping systems that carry process fluids, hydrocarbons, […]

5 min read · Aug 25, 2019 Read Article →

NDT Methods

How to Become an ISO Lead Auditor?

If you are looking for a new job opportunity, becoming an ISO 9001 Lead Auditor (LA) will certainly help you. However, there are a few issues to consider before you apply for a QMS Lead Auditor course. Which course provider to choose? The first thing to consider while choosing an ISO Lead auditor course is […]

5 min read · Aug 18, 2019 Read Article →

Quality Control

Career Opportunities for Mechanical Engineers in Oil and Gas Industry

Mechanical Engineers have a huge role to play in the oil and gas industry. They are responsible for designing the equipment and machinery that are used by technicians and engineers for their day to day activities. These equipment include pipelines, valves, turbines, etc. Mechanical engineers analyze any operational difficulties faced by the technicians and create […]

4 min read · Aug 6, 2019 Read Article →

NDT Methods

USE OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTIC ARMS IN AUTOMATING QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS USING NDT METHODS

Manufacturers from different verticals ranging from industrial to aeronautical prefer NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) as their most preferred method of quality control. In the manufacturing industry, testing should be carried out on every final product and its often a rigorous task if you try to accomplish it manually. Use of robots for NDT finds great application […]

5 min read · Jul 20, 2019 Read Article →